Which condition results in an increased rate of breathing and can lead to decreased carbon dioxide levels?

Hyperventilation is characterized by an increased rate of breathing that exceeds the body's need for oxygen, causing a rapid expulsion of carbon dioxide. When an individual hyperventilates, they breathe faster and deeper than normal, which can lead to lower levels of carbon dioxide in the blood, also known as hypocapnia. This condition can result from anxiety, panic attacks, or certain medical conditions.

In contrast, hypoventilation involves inadequate breathing and can result in an increase in carbon dioxide levels, potentially leading to respiratory acidosis. Ataxic breathing is characterized by irregular patterns of breathing and does not consistently lead to increased respiration rates or predictable carbon dioxide levels. Apnea is a complete cessation of breathing, which would not increase the rate of breathing at all.

Therefore, hyperventilation is correctly identified as the condition that leads to an increased rate of breathing and subsequently decreased carbon dioxide levels.