Which aspect of a population is influenced by both fertility and death rates?

The correct answer is population growth, as this concept encapsulates the changes in a population's size over time, which are directly impacted by both fertility and death rates.

Fertility rates indicate how many offspring are born in a given population, while death rates reflect the number of individuals who die within a certain timeframe. Together, these rates dictate whether a population is increasing, decreasing, or remaining stable. For instance, if fertility rates are high but death rates are also high, the growth may be minimal or even negative. Conversely, when fertility rates exceed death rates, the population is likely to experience growth.

Population density, age, and diversity do not directly result from the balance of these two key factors in the same straightforward manner. Population density refers to how many people live in a specific area; population age distribution looks at the age makeup of individuals in a population; and population diversity deals with the variety of different groups within a population based on various factors such as ethnicity or culture. While these factors can certainly be influenced by population growth, they are not directly determined by both fertility and death rates.