What structures are included in the respiratory system?

The respiratory system is primarily responsible for the exchange of gases, specifically oxygen and carbon dioxide, between the body and the environment. It consists of various structures that facilitate this process. The pharynx and larynx are critical components of the respiratory system.

The pharynx serves as a passageway for air to enter the respiratory tract and is also involved in swallowing, while the larynx, commonly known as the voice box, plays a key role in sound production and also acts as a gateway that directs air into the trachea and prevents food from entering the airway. Their roles are central to the functioning of the respiratory system, highlighting the importance of these structures in both respiration and communication.

The other options include structures from different organ systems: the esophagus and stomach are part of the digestive system, the kidneys and ureters belong to the urinary system, and the trachea is involved in respiration, but the pancreas has a role in digestion and glucose regulation, thus not being a part of the respiratory system. Hence, selecting the pharynx and larynx reflects an understanding of the anatomical components that specifically contribute to respiratory function.