What is the consequence of a DNA mismatch?

A DNA mismatch occurs when the complementary base pairs in the DNA sequence do not properly pair up during DNA replication. This can lead to incorrect nucleotide incorporation, which may result in a change in the genetic code. When a mismatch is not corrected, it can lead to point mutations, insertions, or deletions in the DNA sequence, ultimately affecting the protein that is produced from that DNA. These alterations can have a range of consequences, including changes in an organism's traits and potentially leading to disease.

The process of DNA proofreading usually corrects these errors before they become permanent. However, if the mismatch escapes detection, it can persist through subsequent rounds of cell division, increasing the likelihood of mutations in the genetic material. Thus, the potential for mutations is a direct consequence of a DNA mismatch.