What do codons specifically match to?

Codons specifically match to amino acids, which are the building blocks of proteins. A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides in messenger RNA (mRNA) that correspond to a specific amino acid or a stop signal during protein synthesis. When the ribosome reads the sequence of codons in mRNA, it translates these into a chain of amino acids, resulting in the formation of a protein. This matching process is crucial for the accurate translation of genetic information into functional proteins, which carry out various functions in living organisms.

The other options relate to genetic material and structures but do not directly correspond to the function of codons. DNA molecules contain the genetic blueprint, while chromosomes are structures that organize and pack DNA. Mutation markers are indicators of changes in the genetic sequence but do not directly relate to the specific matching process that codons perform with amino acids.