What characteristic distinguishes plant cells from eukaryotic cells?

The presence of chloroplasts is a key characteristic that distinguishes plant cells from other eukaryotic cells. Chloroplasts are organelles unique to plant cells and some algae, and they are responsible for photosynthesis, allowing plants to convert light energy into chemical energy in the form of glucose. Other eukaryotic cells, such as animal cells, do not have chloroplasts, which is a fundamental feature of plant cell biology.

While the other choices describe features common to many eukaryotic cells—such as the presence of a cell membrane, ribosomes, and a nucleus—these components are not exclusive to plant cells. Animal cells, fungi, and protists also share these characteristics. Chloroplasts, on the other hand, are specifically associated with the functions of photosynthesis and are critical for the plant’s ability to produce its own food, setting them apart from other eukaryotic cells.